A small group of introduced reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) before eradication in Stromness Bay, South Georgia, Polar Regions

reindeer introduced species grazing polar regions wildlife ecosystem eradication nature fauna biodiversity conservation animal behavior habitat terrestrial mammals arctic antarctic tundra vegetation grazing behavior wildlife management ecological impact herbivore shore grassland islands southern ocean subantarctic population control foraging migratory patterns species interaction environmental change habitat loss ecological balance terrestrial ecosystems human impact threatened species animal ecology land use biogeography habitat restoration small group introduced rangifer tarandus