An adult bull introduced reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) before eradication in Stromness Bay, South Georgia, Polar Regions

reindeer wildlife introduced species eradication polar regions nature arctic grazing habitat environment conservation fauna terrestrial animal behavior ecological impact population control biodiversity island landscaping coastal foraging herd migration snow tundra native species reintroduction wildlife management ecosystems subantarctic south atlantic animal conservation ecological restoration sustainable practices preservation forested area grazing grounds natural habitat wild animals species management historical context species invasion native ecosystem coastal region adult bull