Adult male common eider ducks (Somateria mollissima) in breeding plumage in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway

common eider somateria mollissima male ducks breeding plumage svalbard norway ice floe spring wildlife waterfowl avian nature arctic habitat aquatic birds animal behavior population migration environment conservation landscape cold climate shorebirds nesting season marsh marine coastal female winter summer observation ornithology duck species seabirds patterns river predator prey ecosystem biodiversity