Bull southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) issuing a bellowing challenge at Gold Harbour on South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

mirounga leonina bellowing challenge gold harbour polar regions marine mammals animal behavior wildlife south atlantic seal communication natural habitat aggression mating display coastal ecosystem antarctic region blubber echolocation seal colony large mammals fur seal seal species nature conservation biodiversity animal interaction marine life wildlife conservation seal rivalry animal dynamics coastal wildlife natural world extreme environments antarctic wildlife animal kingdom seal sounds habitat ecological study marine biology seal identification wilderness oceanography animal species animal vocalization wildlife observation challenging behavior territorial display natural history creature behavior wildlife dynamics polar ecosystem biological sciences animal communication