Adult black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) on ice near Alexander Island in Franz Josef Land, Russia, Arctic Ocean, Eurasia

rissa tridactyla arctic alexander island glacial ice birds wildlife seabirds plumage arctic waters eurasia frigid group gathering habitat ocean nature marine life icy landscape avian coastal chilling adaptation ecosystem biodiversity arctic circle migration nesting feeding breeding shores temperature environment waterways conservation research animal behavior species flight sky landscape natural habitat pristine cold climate soaring colony foraging winter seasons oceanic birds ecological balance