Adult black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) in combat with a second kittiwake near Alexander Island, Franz Josef Land, Russia, Arctic Ocean, Eurasia

rissa tridactyla alexander island russia arctic ocean territory combat aggression wildlife avian behavior seabird nature cold environment marine life icy waters mating rights feeding grounds nesting arctic ecosystem birdwatching ornithology animal interaction flight confrontation aggression display breeding territorial disputes avian conflict coastal habitat polar region arctic wildlife migratory birds ecological balance biodiversity outdoor adventure natural habitat bird behavior antarctic region environment conservation species interaction seabird behavior wildlife enthusiasts flapping wings polar climate ice floes social behavior ecology territory marking arctic research animal kingdom