Gravestone from the Franklin expedition, Beechey island, Nunavut, Canadian Arctic, Canada, North America

beechey island nunavut gravestone memorial historic site exploration arctic history 19th century shipwreck explorers arctic research canada tundra polar landscape maritime history important memorial archaeology cold climate remote location travel nature stones geology heritage site adventure tragedy historical marker exploration challenges endurance survival documentation early settlers expedition legacy inuit culture exploration artifacts nature conservation historical preservation scientific research climate impact geographic significance isolation cultural history journey human resilience arctic discoveries franklin