Oxpecker sitting on the forehead of an African Cape Buffalo in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, East Africa, Africa

Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) with yellowbill oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), animal portrait, Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus) on the back of a blue wildebeest, Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) with yellowbill oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer caffer) with yellowbill oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Close-up of hippopotamuses (Hippopotamus amphibius) lying on sandy beach, with oxpeckers perched on their backs, in Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Close-up of Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) carrying Red-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) in Chobe National Park, Botswana