Great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) juvenile, standing on a fallen branch, Rotter-meren, The Netherlands (Holland), Europe

Juvenile Cape Gull in Flight, Larus dominicanus, Indian Ocean, Wild Coast, South Africa

Juvenile brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) plunge-diving, Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), Baja California, Mexico, North America

Juvenile puffin (Fratercula arctica) on the water near the island of Bolscheoya in the Svalbard Archipelago, Norway, Arctic, Europe

Juvenile Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata) resting on ship's rail near Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic Ocean

Juvenile Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata) in flight near Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic Ocean

Juvenile Antarctic tern (Sterna vittata) resting on ship's rail near Tristan da Cunha, South Atlantic Ocean

Adult yellow-nosed albatross (Thalassarche chlorohynchos) in flight near the Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult and chick at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) chick on the nest at nesting site on New Island, Falklands, South America

Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) chick on the nest at nesting site on New Island, Falklands, South America

Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) chick on the nest at nesting site on New Island, Falklands, South America

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chick chasing adult for food at Hannah Point on Livingston Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chick at Jougla Point, Wiencke Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chick covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Juvenile great frigatebird (Fregata minor) in the Galapagos Island Archipelago, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ecuador, South America

American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus galapagensis) chick along the shoreline on Bartolome Island in the Galapagos Island Group, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ecuador, South America

Juvenile Galapagos brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis urinator), smallest species of pelican worldwide, feeding in the Galapagos Island Archipelago, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ecuador, South America

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in downy plumage (okum boys) on South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

Adult and juvenile king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), at breeding colony at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Northern giant petrel (Macronectes halli) amongst king penguin chicks at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult kelp gull (Larus dominicanus), nesting on lichen covered rocks on Half Moon Island in Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

A juvenile red-footed booby (Sula sula), in its white color morph plumage in flight over the ocean in Palau, Micronesia, Pacific

Adult black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys), in flight returning to nesting site on West Point Island, Falklands, South America

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica), at breeding colony at Half Moon Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Injured juvenile yellow-footed gull (Larus livens), on Isla Coronado, Baja California Sur, Sea of Cortez, Mexico, North America

Above and below water view of kelp in Hercules Bay, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Adult and juvenile king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), at breeding colony at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Juvenile king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at breeding colony at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

King penguin chick (Aptenodytes patagonicus), ecstatic display in Gold Harbor, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Blue-footed booby juvenile (Sula nebouxii), Punta Pitt, San Cristobal (Chatham) Island, Galapagos, UNESCO World Heritage Site, Ecuador, South America

Adult and juvenile king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), at breeding colony at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Wandering albatross (diomedea exulans) prion island, south georgia, adult feeding chick

Wandering albatross (diomedea exulans) prion island, south georgia, chick sat on nest, close-up

Wandering albatross (diomedea exulans) prion island, south georgia, chick sat on nest

Wandering albatross (diomedea exulans) prion island, south georgia, chick exercising wings

Gentoo penguin. Pygoscelis papua. Royal bay, south georgia, antarctica

Gentoo penguin. Pygoscelis papua. Chick. Wiencke island. Antarctica

Gentoo penguins. Pygoscelis papua. Juvenile gentoos hanging around a pool. Antarctica

Molting gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) feather detail in Antarctica

Adelie penguin chick (Pygoscelis adeliae) fledging its downy feathers for the adult feathers underneath on Devil Island, Antarctica.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) tobogganing near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Juvenile great frigate bird (Fregata minor) nesting and breeding site on North Seymour Island in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador. Pacific Ocean.

Juvenile great frigate birds (Fregata minor) vie for food on nesting and breeding site on North Seymour Island in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador. Pacific Ocean

Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) pup (often called "weaners" once their mothers stop nursing them) on South Georgia Island in the Southern Ocean

Adult Antarctic Shag, (Phalacrocorax (atriceps) bransfieldensis) from breeding colony on the Antarctic Peninsula

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) in Antarctica

Grave site at the abandoned former whaling station at Port Foster inside of the caldera at Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) parent feeding downy chick on Pleneau Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Northern giant petrel (Macronectes halli) fighting over the scavenging rights to a dead elephant seal pup at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean

Juvenile kelp gull (Larus dominicanus) in flight near Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, Southern Ocean

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) trying to avoid hungry chick in Antarctica

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick head detail at colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. There are an estimated 2 million breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic peninsula region alone, perhaps as many as 7.5 million breeding pairs in all of Antarctica. Their name derives from the narrow black band under their heads which makes it appear as if they are wearing black helmets, making them one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other names for them are "Ringed Penguins", "Bearded Penguins", and "Stonecracker Penguins" due to their harsh call. They grow to 68 cm (27 in). The average adult weight of a Chinstrap Penguin is 4.5 kg (10 lbs). Weight can range from 3 to 6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs), with males being slightly larger and weight varying based on where the penguin is in the breeding cycle. Their diet consists of krill, shrimp, and fish. On land they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts of five to ten days. They can also breed on icebergs, though they prefer non-icy conditions. The chicks hatch after about 35 days, and have fluffy gray backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20?30 days before they go to join a creche. At around 50?60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult plumage and go to sea. The Chinstrap Penguin was first described by German naturalist Forster in 1781. Its specific epithet was often seen as antarctica, however a 2002 review determined the genus Pygoscelis was masculine, and hence the correct binomial name is Pygoscelis antarcticus.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes Patagonicus) protecting its chick. Sandy Bay, Macquarie Island, Subantarctic Australia.

A leucistic Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) adult feeding its "normal" colored chicks on Devil Island near the Antarctic Peninsula

Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) chick (head detail) at Devil's Nose on New Island in the Falkland Island Group, Falklands.

Juvenile magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) on the wing near breeding colony on Isla Magdalena, Bahia de Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Curious king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Argentina, South America

Great frigatebird (Fregata minor) chick in the nest in the Galapagos Island Archipelago, Ecuador

Razorbill egg (Alca torda). L'Etac, Sark, British Channel Islands

Black Headed Gull (Larus ridibundas) and Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) juvenile taking off from pond with winter plumage . Maryhill Canal, Strathclyde, Scotland, UK

Beached California Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus) calf with Turkey Buzzards feeding on carcass on Isla Tiburon in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), Mexico.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) parent with two downy chicks on Pleneau Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Young southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on the beach at South Georgia in the Southern Ocean

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at a breeding and molting site in Estancia San Lorenzo on Peninsula Valdez, Patagonia, Argentina, South Atlantic

Beached California Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus) calf stranded by gill net around flukes on Isla Tiburon in the Gulf of California (Sea of Cortez), Mexico.

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Argentina

Wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) chick at breeding colony on Prion Island, Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean

Head detail of molting gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) in Antarctica

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

A juvenile red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) on a perch near San Jose del Cabo, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Juvenile great frigate bird (Fregata minor) with inflated gular on North Seymour Island in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador. Pacific Ocean

Grey-headed Albatross (Thalassarche chrysostoma) chick begging for food on nesting grounds in Elsehul Bay, South Georgia Island.

A parent and chick Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) on Paulet Island on the Northeast side of the Antarctic Peninsula.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult and chick at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

A juvenile red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) on the wing near San Jose del Cabo, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) parent with hungry chick on South Georgia Island, southern Atlantic Ocean.

Eider duck (Somateria mollissima), male and juvenile swimming past a fish farm, tend to raft there in the winter.

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in downy plumage (often called "okum boys") on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Young southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on the beach at South Georgia in the Southern Ocean

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) parent with downy chick on Petermann Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Juvenile Antarctic Shag (Phalacrocorax (atriceps) bransfieldensis) on Petermann Island near the Antarctic Peninsula

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) killing and eating a juvenile Ad?lie penguin at Brown Bluff near the Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean

Young rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome moseleyi) molting on Nightingale Island in the Tristan da Cunha Island Group, South Atlantic Ocean

South polar skua (Catharacta maccormicki) chick about to fledge, will have much lighter plumage cf to Brown skua, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Gentoo penguin adult (Pygoscelis papua) on hatching egg in Antarctica

Juvenile Galapagos brown pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis urinator) feeding in the Galapagos Island Archipelago, Ecuador

Wild Adult Female, Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus), new pup, fresh born. Slaty Back Gull picking at placenta and discharge from fresh born. endangered, colony, rookery, haul out, raft, above water.Bering Islands (Bering Sea) Russia, Asia. MORE INFO: This sea lion in the largest member of the eared seals.

Magnificent frigat bird (fregata magnificens ) A pair of young frigate birds. Gulf of California.

Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) juvenile taking off from pond with winter plumage . Maryhill Canal, Strathclyde, Scotland, UK

A juvenile red-tailed hawk (Buteo jamaicensis) on the wing near San Jose del Cabo, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica) chick on South Georgia Island in the Southern Ocean

Adult Antarctic Shag, (Phalacrocorax (atriceps) bransfieldensis) from breeding colony on the Antarctic Peninsula

Adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in the act of feeding chick on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Juvenile Black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus) in flight, UK