Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult on nest with young chicks on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult on nest with young chicks on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin rookery, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica

Nesting Black-browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris), New Island, Falkland Islands, British Overseas Territory, South America

A rare melanistic king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), feeding its okum boy chick at Fortuna Bay, South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

Adult Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) at a breeding site on Peninsula Valdez, Patagonia, Argentina, South America

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), feeding chicks at Brown Bluff near the Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica), carrying rock in its beak at breeding colony at Half Moon Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult and chick at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Punta Arenas, Chile, South America

Adult rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) at breeding and molting colony on New Island, Falkland Islands

Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) at a breeding and molting site in Estancia San Lorenzo, Argentina

Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) at a breeding and molting site in Estancia San Lorenzo, Argentina

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at a breeding and molting site in Estancia San Lorenzo, Argentina

Adult rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) at nesting site on New Island, Falkland Islands, U.K. Overseas Protectorate, South America

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) pair, changing places on nest, Damoy Point, Wiencke Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) chicks (okum boys) at nesting colony at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), on eggs at Port Lockroy, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), leaping off ice shelf at Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) adult feeding chick at breeding colony at Brown Bluff, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adult chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) feeding chick at Baily Head on Deception Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult feeding chick at Hannah Point on Livingston Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) with minutes-old newly hatched chick at Gold Harbor on South Georgia

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), with freshly hatched chicks at Petermann Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult feeding chick at Hannah Point on Livingston Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult with chick on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult with chicks at breeding colony on Booth Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult with chicks at breeding colony on Booth Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult with chicks on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in downy plumage (okum boys) on South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) breeding colony at Baily Head on Deception Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) feeding minutes-old newly hatched chick at Gold Harbor on South Georgia

Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Punta Arenas, Chile, South America

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) with minutes-old newly hatched chick at Gold Harbor on South Georgia

Nesting Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), Grave Cove, West Falkland Island, Falkland Islands, British Overseas Territory, South America

Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), a pair of breeding penguins on their nest, Patagonia, Chile, South America

Mother and baby African penguin (jackass penguin) (Spheniscus demersus) colony, Boulders Beach, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, Africa

African penguins (jackass penguins) (Spheniscus demersus), Boulders Beach, Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, Africa

A gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), parent feeding a chick on Barrientos Island, Aitcho Island Group, Antarctica, Polar Regions

An adult brown skua (Stercorarius antarcticus), harassing a gentoo penguin on Barrientos Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

A gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), chick with its parent on Barrientos Island, Aitcho Island Group, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) carries pebble in colony, Damoy Point, Wiencke Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on nest with chicks at Gold Harbor, South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on nest with chicks at Gold Harbor, South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

A gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chick with its parent on Barrientos Island, Aitcho Island Group, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) squabbling with each other at nest site on New Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) in its nesting burrow, Patagonia, Chile, South America

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on nest with chicks at Gold Harbor, South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

Adult Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) and chicks on nest, Neko Harbour, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

A Black Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) sitting on a nest in a mixed nesting colony of albatross's and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) on Westpoint island in the Falkland Islands off argentina, in South America. Albatrosses are globally thratened by long line fishing boats who are responsible for killing thousands of birds.

A mixed Black Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) nesting colony on Westpoint island in the Falkland Islands off Argentina, in South America, being watched by a group on a wildlife tourist trip.

Adult Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) and chick on nest, with mountains and glaciers in background, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adult Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) and chicks on nest, Neko Harbour, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin. Pygoscelis papua. Royal bay, south georgia, antarctica

Gentoo penguin (pygoscelis papua) new island, falkland islands, with two eggs.

Adult Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) stealing rocks for a nest near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Adult Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) inspecting a non-viable egg at Devil Island, Antarctic Peninsula. Adelie penguins are truly an ice dependant penguin species.

Curious king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

An adult Leucistic Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) nesting and incubating two eggs at Gabriel Gonzales Videla Research Station, Antarctica

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick head detail at colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. There are an estimated 2 million breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic peninsula region alone, perhaps as many as 7.5 million breeding pairs in all of Antarctica. Their name derives from the narrow black band under their heads which makes it appear as if they are wearing black helmets, making them one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other names for them are "Ringed Penguins", "Bearded Penguins", and "Stonecracker Penguins" due to their harsh call. They grow to 68 cm (27 in). The average adult weight of a Chinstrap Penguin is 4.5 kg (10 lbs). Weight can range from 3 to 6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs), with males being slightly larger and weight varying based on where the penguin is in the breeding cycle. Their diet consists of krill, shrimp, and fish. On land they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts of five to ten days. They can also breed on icebergs, though they prefer non-icy conditions. The chicks hatch after about 35 days, and have fluffy gray backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20?30 days before they go to join a creche. At around 50?60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult plumage and go to sea. The Chinstrap Penguin was first described by German naturalist Forster in 1781. Its specific epithet was often seen as antarctica, however a 2002 review determined the genus Pygoscelis was masculine, and hence the correct binomial name is Pygoscelis antarcticus.

Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Nesting amoungst tussock and snow, South Georgia Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Nesting amoungst tussock, South Georgia Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) at a breeding and molting site in Estancia San Lorenzo on Peninsula Valdez, Patagonia, Argentina, South Atlantic

Adult Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) stealing a rock from a neighbors nest on breeding colony on Petermann Island, Antarctica

Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Nesting amoungst tussock and snow, South Georgia Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) nesting near whalebone, Aitcho Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult and chick at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

An adult Leucistic Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) nesting and incubating two eggs at Gabriel Gonzales Videla Research Station, Antarctica

An adult Leucistic Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) nesting and incubating two eggs at Gabriel Gonzales Videla Research Station, Antarctica

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) courtship in a colony of nesting animals numbering between 70,000 and 100,000 nesting pairs on Salisbury Plain on South Georgia Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) pair in colony of nesting animals numbering between 70,000 and 100,000 nesting pairs on Salisbury Plain on South Georgia Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

Macaroni penguin pair (Eudyptes chrysolophus) nesting among chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) on Elephant Island in the South Shetland Island Group, Antarctica.

Adult Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) sitting on nest with one hatched chicken and one still being in egg. Cuverville Island, Antarctica

Adult Adªlie Penguin (Pygoscelis Adeliae) collecting stones for the nest construction. Commonwealth Bay, East Antarctica

Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) hauled out on Isabela Island in the Galapagos Island Archipelago, Ecuador

Adult Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) with chick sitting on a nest. The chick is flapping its wings. Neko Harbour, Antarctica

Young king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) molting near colony of nesting animals on Salisbury Plain on South Georgia Island

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the beach at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chick kept warm and safe while sitting in nest with one of its parents. Neko Harbour, Antarctica

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) colony - some still lying on their eggs, others already have their chicks. Neko Harbour, Antarctica

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) parent with chick on nest on Petermann Island near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Adult Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) stealing rocks for a nest near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Adult Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) sitting on nest with two eggs. Cuverville Island, Antarctica

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) attempting to nest, which is 3/4 buried in deep snow from heavy snowfall,, Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Adult Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) stealing rocks for a nest near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) parent with downy chick on Deception Island, Antarctic Peninsula.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) parent with downy chick on Deception Island, Antarctic Peninsula.

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on two eggs at breeding colony on Barrentos ISland in the Aitcho Island Group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Adult Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) checking on its chick while sitting on nest. Cuverville Island, Antarctica

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) courtship near colony of nesting animals numbering between 70,000 and 100,000 nesting pairs on Salisbury Plain on South Georgia Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) parent with downy chick on Deception Island, Antarctic Peninsula.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) pair in colony of nesting animals numbering between 70,000 and 100,000 nesting pairs on Salisbury Plain on South Georgia Island, South Atlantic Ocean.

Macaroni penguin pair (Eudyptes chrysolophus) nesting among chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) on Elephant Island in the South Shetland Island Group, Antarctica.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) parent with downy chick on Deception Island, Antarctic Peninsula.

Adult chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) nesting with chicks on Barientos Island in the Aitcho Island Group, Antarctica.

Young king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) molting near colony of nesting animals on Salisbury Plain on South Georgia Island

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) on egg at breeding colony on Petermann Island, Antarctica

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) parents with downy chick on Deception Island, Antarctic Peninsula.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) bringing a rock to the nest at a colony on Barrentos Island in the Aitcho Island Group in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks kept warm and safe while sitting in nest with one of its parents. Neko Harbour, Antarctica