Two rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome), Sea Lion Islands, Falkland Islands, Atlantic, South America

Two king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) look out to sea on white sand beach, the Neck, Saunders Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Two Gentoo penguins fighting over territory on the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Two Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) fighting on the beach, Saunders Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Two African penguins (Spheniscus demersus), Simon's Town, South Africa, Africa

Two African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) pair, Simon's Town, South Africa, Africa

Two Rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) showing affection, Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Exploring gentoo penguin colony, Aitcho Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus), Half Moon Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Drake Passage, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Magdalena Island, Magallanes Region, Punta Arenas, Chile, South America

Two American women tourists in Penguin Onesies on sunny day, posing on the glaciers, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus), Half Moon Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Drake Passage, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Two American women tourists in Penguin Onesies on sunny day, posing on the glaciers, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Two American women tourists in Penguin Onesies on sunny day, posing on the glaciers, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult with two chicks begging for food, Ronge Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Two penguins on an iceberg in Antarctica, Polar Regions

Two Rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome), Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic, South America

King penguins (aptenodytes patagonicus) st andrews bay, south georgia, two birds beak to beak

Macaroni penguins. Eudyptes chrysolophus. Hannah point, livingston island, antarctica

Gentoo penguin (pygoscelis papua) new island, falkland islands, two in the water swimming.

Gentoo penguin (pygoscelis papua) new island, falkland islands, with two eggs.

Gentoo penguins. Pygoscelis papua. Walking on the beach, falklands

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on sea ice near Snow Hill Island in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) split view underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) feeding underwater on small baitfish in the Galapagos Island Archipelago, Ecuador

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) split view underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Ad?lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) with Lindblad guests in snowstorm at Brown Bluff on the Antarctic Peninsula in the Weddell Sea , Antarctica.

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) trying to avoid hungry chick in Antarctica

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) split view underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on sea ice near Snow Hill Island in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

Adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on sea ice near Snow Hill Island in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Two yellow eyed penguins (Hoiho), (Megadyptes antipodes), Enderby Island, Auckland Islands, Sub-antarctic Islands, New Zealand, Southern Ocean.

King Penguins on the beach head to head, South Georgia

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) split view underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick head detail at colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. There are an estimated 2 million breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic peninsula region alone, perhaps as many as 7.5 million breeding pairs in all of Antarctica. Their name derives from the narrow black band under their heads which makes it appear as if they are wearing black helmets, making them one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other names for them are "Ringed Penguins", "Bearded Penguins", and "Stonecracker Penguins" due to their harsh call. They grow to 68 cm (27 in). The average adult weight of a Chinstrap Penguin is 4.5 kg (10 lbs). Weight can range from 3 to 6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs), with males being slightly larger and weight varying based on where the penguin is in the breeding cycle. Their diet consists of krill, shrimp, and fish. On land they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts of five to ten days. They can also breed on icebergs, though they prefer non-icy conditions. The chicks hatch after about 35 days, and have fluffy gray backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20?30 days before they go to join a creche. At around 50?60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult plumage and go to sea. The Chinstrap Penguin was first described by German naturalist Forster in 1781. Its specific epithet was often seen as antarctica, however a 2002 review determined the genus Pygoscelis was masculine, and hence the correct binomial name is Pygoscelis antarcticus.

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Curious king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Two Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chicks enjoying childhood guarded by one of their parents. Petermann Island, Antarctica

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) parent with two downy chicks on Pleneau Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands. This is the smallest yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin in the genus Eudyptes. It reaches a length of 45-58 cm (18-23 in) and typically weighs 2-3.4 kg (4.4-7.5 lb), although there are records of exceptionally large rockhoppers weighing 5 kg (11 lbs). Their common name refers to the fact that unlike many other penguins which negotiate obstacles by sliding on their bellies or by awkward climbing using their flipper-like wings as aid, Rockhoppers will try to jump over boulders and across cracks. This behavior is by no means unique to this species however - at least the other "crested" penguins of the genus Eudyptes hop around rocks too. Southern Rockhopper Penguins have a global population of roughly 1 million pairs, perhaps a bit more. About two-thirds of the global population belongs to E. c. chrysocome which breeds on the Falkland Islands and on islands off Argentina and southern Chile. The Southern Rockhopper Penguin is classified as Vulnerable species by the IUCN.

The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Argentina, South America

The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Argentina

Two adult Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) "porpoising" for speed in the Weddell Sea on the Northeast side of the Antarctic Peninsula.

An adult Leucistic Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) nesting and incubating two eggs at Gabriel Gonzales Videla Research Station, Antarctica

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult and chick at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Guests from the Lindblad Expedition ship National Geographic Explorer kayaking in and around the Antarctic Peninsula in the summer months.

Adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on sea ice near Snow Hill Island in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

Adult macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) in Elsehul Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) on the beach at a breeding and molting site on Carcass Island, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Argentina, South America

Adult Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) porpoising near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) hunting fish underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colony on the Antarctic Peninsula

Adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in the act of feeding chick on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) parent with two downy chicks on Pleneau Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula.

Adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on sea ice near Snow Hill Island in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

Gentoo penguin parent (Pygoscelis papua) with chicks in Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) avoiding hungry chick in Antarctica

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) hunting fish underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Two Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chicks enjoying childhood guarded by one of their parents. Petermann Island, Antarctica

Two Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chicks enjoying childhood guarded by one of their parents. Petermann Island, Antarctica

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) mating behavior at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) split view underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Adult Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) feeding chick in Antarctica

Young southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on the beach at South Georgia in the Southern Ocean

Young southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on the beach at South Georgia in the Southern Ocean

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Subantarctic Skua, Stercorarius antarcticus, displaying amid King Penguin colony, Aptenodytes patagonicus, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, South Atlantic Ocean.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) parent with two downy chicks on Pleneau Island, near the Antarctic Peninsula.

An adult Leucistic Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) nesting and incubating two eggs at Gabriel Gonzales Videla Research Station, Antarctica

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) porpoising for speed near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on sea ice near Snow Hill Island in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica.

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Adult leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) Catching, flailing, and eating a chinstrap penguin at Point Wild on Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Southern Ocean

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

An adult Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica) in flight near the Antarctic peninsula in the southern ocean

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Adult Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) porpoising near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) pair mating in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Adult Galapagos penguin (Spheniscus mendiculus) hunting fish underwater in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Adult Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) feeding its chick with krill. Paulet Island, Weddell Sea

An adult Leucistic Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) nesting and incubating two eggs at Gabriel Gonzales Videla Research Station, Antarctica

The Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus), Argentina, South America

Adult Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) sitting on nest with one hatched chicken and one still being in egg. Cuverville Island, Antarctica

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

A lone adult emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) and crabeater seal on sea ice in the Gullet between Adelaide Island and the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Gentoo penguin parent (Pygoscelis papua) with chicks in Antarctica, Southern Ocean