Cape Buffalo (African buffalo) (Syncerus caffer), white-naped raven (white-necked raven) (Corvus albicollis) and a yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Ngorongoro Crater, Tanzania, East Africa, Africa

African forest buffalo (Syncerus caffer nanus) with yellow-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus africanus) clinging to its flanks, Parc de la Lekedi, Haut-Ogooue, Gabon, Africa

Yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus) on a Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer), Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Cape Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with a Yellow-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Red-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorynchus), Zimanga game reserve, South Africa

Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi) and yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, East Africa, Africa

Several yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus) on a Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchi), Serengeti National Park, Tanzania, East Africa, Africa

Hippopotamus (Hippopotamus amphibius), Ruaha National Park, Tanzania, East Africa, Africa

Cape buffalo or African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, East Africa, Africa

Oxpecker sitting on the forehead of an African Cape Buffalo in the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, East Africa, Africa

Hippopotamus immersed in water, Kruger National Park, South Africa, Africa

Rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum) in savanna, Kruger National Park, South-Africa, Africa

African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) with yellow-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus africanus) looking for parasites, Tsavo, Kenya, East Africa, Africa

Black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) feeding, with yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, East Africa, Africa

Black rhinoceros or hook-lipped rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) with yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Masai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, East Africa, Africa

African buffalo (Syncerus caffer) or Cape buffalo drinking from river, with yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Masai Mara National Park, Kenya, Africa

African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer) and Yellow-billed Oxpecker (Buphagus africanus), Masai Mara, Kenya, Africa

Two yellow-billed oxpecker (Buphagus africanus) clinging to Masai giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis tippelskirchii), Serengeti National Park, Tanzania

Two yellow-billed oxpeckers (Buphagus africanus) in Cape buffalo (Syncerus caffer) nostrils, Klein's Camp, Serengeti National Park; Tanzania

A yellow-billed oxpecker, Buphagus africanus, perches on an animal, green background, Sabi Sands, Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa

A yellow-billed oxpecker bird, Buphagus africanus, sitting, looking out of frame, Londolozi Wildlife Reserve, Sabi Sands, South Africa