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Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Grave site at the abandoned former whaling station at Port Foster inside of the caldera at Deception Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick head detail at colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. There are an estimated 2 million breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic peninsula region alone, perhaps as many as 7.5 million breeding pairs in all of Antarctica. Their name derives from the narrow black band under their heads which makes it appear as if they are wearing black helmets, making them one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other names for them are "Ringed Penguins", "Bearded Penguins", and "Stonecracker Penguins" due to their harsh call. They grow to 68 cm (27 in). The average adult weight of a Chinstrap Penguin is 4.5 kg (10 lbs). Weight can range from 3 to 6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs), with males being slightly larger and weight varying based on where the penguin is in the breeding cycle. Their diet consists of krill, shrimp, and fish. On land they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts of five to ten days. They can also breed on icebergs, though they prefer non-icy conditions. The chicks hatch after about 35 days, and have fluffy gray backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20?30 days before they go to join a creche. At around 50?60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult plumage and go to sea. The Chinstrap Penguin was first described by German naturalist Forster in 1781. Its specific epithet was often seen as antarctica, however a 2002 review determined the genus Pygoscelis was masculine, and hence the correct binomial name is Pygoscelis antarcticus.

An brown skua (Catharacta antarctica) chick at Stromness Bay on South Georgia Island in the Southern Ocean

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) chick at breeding colony on Prion Island, Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean

Adult American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus galapagensis) feeding chick along the shoreline on Bartolome Island in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult and chick at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Adult Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) feeding and preening chick at breeding colony on New Island in the Falkland Islands, Southern Atlantic Ocean

Adult Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica) adult with chick on the Antarctic peninsula in the southern ocean

Guest from the Lindblad Expedition ship National Geographic Explorer with gentoo penguin chick in Antarctica

Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) chick on nest at breeding colony on New Island in the Falkland Islands, Southern Atlantic Ocean

Adult Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) feeding and preening chick at breeding colony on New Island in the Falkland Islands, Southern Atlantic Ocean

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult with chicks on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) parent and chick at breeding colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula

Guano-covered chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick at breeding colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula

Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) chick on nest at breeding colony on New Island in the Falkland Islands, Southern Atlantic Ocean

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult and chick at breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

American oystercatcher (Haematopus palliatus galapagensis) chick along the shoreline on Bartolome Island in the Galapagos Island Group, Ecuador

Black-browed albatross (Thalassarche melanophrys) chick in the nest on New Island in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean

Adult Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) adult feeding chicks near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Guest from the Lindblad Expedition ship National Geographic Explorer with gentoo penguin chick in Antarctica

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) feeding minutes-old newly hatched chick at Gold Harbor on South Georgia, Southern Ocean