King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adults returning to sea for feeding in Gold Harbor, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) squabbling with each other at nest site on New Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), amongst king penguins in Gold Harbor, South Georgia, Polar Regions

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), near bull elephant seal in Gold Harbor, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) returning from the sea on Bleaker Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) at nesting site on Bull Point, East Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Gentoo penguin chicks (Pygoscelis papua), creching together, Mikkelsen Harbor, Trinity Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), feeding its chick on Prion Island, Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) on the beach with king penguins at Gold Harbor, South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding colony at St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, UK Overseas Protectorate, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding colony at Gold Harbor, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Magellanic Penguin showing natural oil on its feathers at Sea Lion Island, Falkland Islands, South Atlantic.

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) group, Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) large group on iceberg, Yalour Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Chinstrap Penguins (Pygoscelis antarcticus), Orne Harbour, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) portrait, Petermann Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

A Black Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) sitting on a nest in a mixed nesting colony of albatross's and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) on Westpoint island in the Falkland Islands off argentina, in South America. Albatrosses are globally thratened by long line fishing boats who are responsible for killing thousands of birds.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult feeding chicks, Hannah Point, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus), Hannah Point, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

A mixed Black Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) nesting colony on Westpoint island in the Falkland Islands off Argentina, in South America, being watched by a group on a wildlife tourist trip.

Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) group jumping off iceberg and entering water, Yalour Islands, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis antarcticus) adult and chick, Hannah Point, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

An African penguin, also known as a Black-footed penguin and formerly the Jackass penguin (Spheniscus demersus) on a beach in Cape Town.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick head detail at colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. There are an estimated 2 million breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic peninsula region alone, perhaps as many as 7.5 million breeding pairs in all of Antarctica. Their name derives from the narrow black band under their heads which makes it appear as if they are wearing black helmets, making them one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other names for them are "Ringed Penguins", "Bearded Penguins", and "Stonecracker Penguins" due to their harsh call. They grow to 68 cm (27 in). The average adult weight of a Chinstrap Penguin is 4.5 kg (10 lbs). Weight can range from 3 to 6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs), with males being slightly larger and weight varying based on where the penguin is in the breeding cycle. Their diet consists of krill, shrimp, and fish. On land they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts of five to ten days. They can also breed on icebergs, though they prefer non-icy conditions. The chicks hatch after about 35 days, and have fluffy gray backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20?30 days before they go to join a creche. At around 50?60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult plumage and go to sea. The Chinstrap Penguin was first described by German naturalist Forster in 1781. Its specific epithet was often seen as antarctica, however a 2002 review determined the genus Pygoscelis was masculine, and hence the correct binomial name is Pygoscelis antarcticus.

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands. This is the smallest yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin in the genus Eudyptes. It reaches a length of 45-58 cm (18-23 in) and typically weighs 2-3.4 kg (4.4-7.5 lb), although there are records of exceptionally large rockhoppers weighing 5 kg (11 lbs). Their common name refers to the fact that unlike many other penguins which negotiate obstacles by sliding on their bellies or by awkward climbing using their flipper-like wings as aid, Rockhoppers will try to jump over boulders and across cracks. This behavior is by no means unique to this species however - at least the other "crested" penguins of the genus Eudyptes hop around rocks too. Southern Rockhopper Penguins have a global population of roughly 1 million pairs, perhaps a bit more. About two-thirds of the global population belongs to E. c. chrysocome which breeds on the Falkland Islands and on islands off Argentina and southern Chile. The Southern Rockhopper Penguin is classified as Vulnerable species by the IUCN.

Rockhopper Penguins, Eudyptes chrysocome, and Black-browed Albatross, Diomedea melanophrys, New Island, Falkland Islands, Subantarcic

Penguin colony near Caleta Valdés (Magellan penguins), Península Valdés, Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina

Penguin colony near Caleta Valdés (Magellan penguins), Península Valdés, Chubut province, Patagonia, Argentina

African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) on the sandy beach, Boulders Beach, Simon's Town, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus), copulating, Boulders Beach, Simon's Town, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

African Penguin (Spheniscus demersus) on the sandy beach, Boulders Beach, Simon's Town, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

African Penguins (Spheniscus demersus), couple with molting chick, Boulders Beach, Simon's Town, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery on Salisbury Plain in the Bay of Isles. Adults coming ashore. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery in St. Andrews Bay. Feeding behaviour. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery in St. Andrews Bay. Courtship behaviour. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery on Salisbury Plain in the Bay of Isles. Adults coming ashore. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery in St. Andrews Bay. Feeding behaviour. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery on Salisbury Plain in the Bay of Isles. Adults coming ashore. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

Social interaction and behaviour in a group. Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

Group on empty beach. Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

Group on empty beach. Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery on Salisbury Plain in the Bay of Isles. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus). South America, Falkland Islands, January

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the island of South Georgia, the rookery in St. Andrews Bay. Feeding behaviour. Antarctica, Subantarctica, South Georgia

Close-up of King Penguin's (Aptenodytes patagonicus) head looking up, showing detail of coloured plumage, Volunteer Point, Falkland Islands

Three Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) watch another jumping between two ice floes. They have black heads and backs with white bellies; Antarctica

Close Up Of Two King Penguins (Aptenodytes Patagonicus), Antarctic

Close Up Of King Penguin (Aptenodytes Patagonicus) With Grey Background, Antarctica

Three King Penguins (Aptenodytes Patagonicus) Are Crossing A Wet, Sandy Beach On Their Way To The Ocean, With Grey Backs And Flippers With Black And Orange Heads, Antarctica

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis Antarctica) In A Snowfall, Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis Antarctica) On Belly, Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Three Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) watch another jumping between two ice floes. They have black heads and backs with white bellies. Shot with a Nikon D810 on Brown Bluff; Antarctica

Magellanic Penguin (Spheniscus Magellanicus), Punta Arenas, Magallanes, Chile

Four King Penguins (Aptenodytes Patagonicus) On A Beach Walking In A Row, South Georgia, South Georgia, South Georgia And The South Sandwich Islands, United Kingdom

Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus Magellanicus), Punta Arenas, Magallanes, Chile

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis Antarctica) Walking Uphill, Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Sunny Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis Papua) Chick On Rocky Horizon, Antarctica

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis Antarctica) In A Snowfall, Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

King Penguins (Aptenodytes Patagonicus)In Fortuna Bay, South Georgia, South Georgia And The South Sandwich Islands, United Kingdom

A King Penguin Looks Down And Wonders Whether To Step Over A Pebble On A Sandy Beach Or Stand On It, With Another Penguin Just Behind It, And They Both Have Black And Orange Heads, White Breasts With Orange Patches At The Throat, Grey Backs And Flippers A

Close Up Of The Head Of A King Penguin (Aptenodytes Patagonicus) With A Black Head And Grey Back With An Orange Beak And Throat, Blurred Background, Antarctia

Chinstrap Penguin (Pygoscelis Antarctica) Portrait, Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Close Up Of King Penguin (Aptenodytes Patagonicus), Antarctic

Close Up Of A King Penguin (Aptenodytes Patagonicus)

Four King Penguins (Aptenodytes Patagonicus) Walking Together On Beach, Antarctica

Close Up Of King Penguin (Aptenodytes Patagonicus) With Wide-Eyed Stare, Antarctic

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis Papua)

A pair of Adelie penguins in the late afternoon light in Antarctica, Antarctica

Close up of Gentoo Penguin with young, Antarctica, Antarctic Peninsula