Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) breeding colony at Brown Bluff on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) with minutes-old newly hatched chick at Gold Harbor on South Georgia

Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) scrambling up steep cliffs at Hercules Bay on South Georgia Island, Polar Regions

Northern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes moseleyi) covered in spilled oil from the wreck of the MS Oliva, Nightingale island, Tristan da Cunha Group, South Atlantic Ocean

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) detail at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with introduced reindeer at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) plunging into the sea leaving their breeding colony at Elsehul on South Georgia, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), with chicks at breeding colony at Brown Bluff, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) swimming near the nesting beach at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with introduced reindeer at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) mating behavior at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) killing and eating a juvenile Ad?lie penguin at Brown Bluff near the Antarctic Peninsula, Southern Ocean

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands. This is the smallest yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin in the genus Eudyptes. It reaches a length of 45-58 cm (18-23 in) and typically weighs 2-3.4 kg (4.4-7.5 lb), although there are records of exceptionally large rockhoppers weighing 5 kg (11 lbs). Their common name refers to the fact that unlike many other penguins which negotiate obstacles by sliding on their bellies or by awkward climbing using their flipper-like wings as aid, Rockhoppers will try to jump over boulders and across cracks. This behavior is by no means unique to this species however - at least the other "crested" penguins of the genus Eudyptes hop around rocks too. Southern Rockhopper Penguins have a global population of roughly 1 million pairs, perhaps a bit more. About two-thirds of the global population belongs to E. c. chrysocome which breeds on the Falkland Islands and on islands off Argentina and southern Chile. The Southern Rockhopper Penguin is classified as Vulnerable species by the IUCN.

Pair of Skua's (Catharacta sp.) attacking and killing chinstrap penguin, Deception Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) mating behavior at Jougla Point on Wiencke Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) creche (protective group of chicks while parents are at sea feeding) on the Antarctic Peninsula.

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) creche (protective group of chicks while parents are at sea feeding) walking in formation on the Antarctic Peninsula.

Southern giant petrel (Macronectes giganteus) white morph, and chinstrap penguins (Pygocelis antarctica), NB: penguins standing their ground against the petrel, antarctica, Southern Oceanl

Adult Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) stealing rocks for a nest near the Antarctic Peninsula.

King penguin courtship behavior (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at the breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains, Bay of Isles on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo Penguin Ashore from Ocean Surf

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, sub-Antarctic and Antarctic

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), pair in courtship, Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Antarctica

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with chicks, breeding colony, Volunteer Point, Falkland Islands, South America

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus), pair of animals, Volunteer Point, Falkland Islands, Great Britain, South America

African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), adult, calling, spreading wings, Boulders Beach, Simon's Town, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) feeds chicks, breeding colony, Volunteer Point, Falkland Islands, South America

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) cools his body through elevated feet, partial view, Volunteer Point, Falkland Islands, Great Britain, South America

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with chicks, breeding colony, Volunteer Point, Falkland Islands, South America

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with chicks, breeding colony, Volunteer Point, Falkland Islands, South America

African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), adult, group, on land, on the beach, running, Betty's Bay, Stony Point Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), adult, pair, on the beach, copula, Boulders Beach, Simonstown, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), adult, two juveniles, siblings, on the beach, feeding, social behaviour, Boulders Beach, Simonstown, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), adult, on land, calling, mating, Betty's Bay, Stony Point Nature Reserve, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

African penguin (Spheniscus demersus), adult, juvenile, on the beach, feeding, social behaviour, Boulders Beach, Simonstown, Western Cape, South Africa, Africa

Two Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) breeding, Antarctica

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua), with xoung animal, Falkland Islands, South America

Southern Elephant Seal (Mirounga leonina). Elephant seals fighting on the beach of St Andrews Bay, South Georgia.

A leopard seal, Hydrurga leptonyx, feeding on a gentoo penguin, Petermann Island, Antarctica.

Gentoo penguin colony, Pygoscelis papua, at Petermann Island, Antarctica.

A molting gentoo penguin chick (Pygoscelis papua), Petermann Island, Antarctica.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) feeding his chick, Volunteer Point, East Falkland, January 2018

Preying on Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis papua) hovering over colony.. Falkland Skua or Brown Skua (Stercorarius antarcticus, exact taxonomy is under dispute). They are the great skuas of the southern polar and subpolar region. South America, Falkland Islands, January

Killer whale (Orcinus orca) and Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) on pack ice in the Ross Sea, McMurdo Sound, Antarctica

Gentto penguin (Pygoscelis papua) calling at rainbow after a storm, Sea Lion island, Falkland, January 2018

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on the Falkland Islands. South America, Falkland Islands, Volunteer Point

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) adult feeding chick in colony. South America, Falkland Islands, Volunteer Point

Gentoo Penguin (Pygoscelis papua) with chicks, Carcass island, Falkland.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) one year old chick claiming food from an adult, Saunders island, Falkland

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) brooding eggs, Saunders island, Falkland

Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) at his nesting hole, Volunteer Point, East Falkland, Falklands

Magellanic penguin (Spheniscus magellanicus) in a cold sunset,l Volunteer Point, East Falkland

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), head of a molting chick, Saunders island, Falkland