Reindeer herd grazing in the snow in arctic landscape at Kvaløysletta, Kvaloya Island, Tromso in Arctic Circle Northern Norway

Arctic landscape Sandnesundbrua Bridge joining Kvaloya Island and Tromsoya Island at Tromso in Arctic Circle, Northern Norway

Winter scene hoar frost on Giant hogweed plant in The Cotswolds, UK

Winter scene hoar frost on fir tree in The Cotswolds, UK

Frozen Kilpisjarvi lake with Sweden in the background in arctic wilderness at nightfall by Kilpisjarvi, Finland

Ice-fishing on frozen lake in the Arctic Circle on Ringvassoya Island in the region of Tromso, Northern Norway

Winter scene hoar frost in The Cotswolds, UK

Winter scene hoar frost on fir tree in The Cotswolds, UK

Little Owl, Athene noctua, in hedgerow in The Cotswolds, Gloucestershire

Badger shortcut in winter scene, The Cotswolds, UK

Hoar frost on tree and field in frosty wintry landscape in The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire, UK

Aerial view of arctic landscape, frozen river and the Lyngen Alps from aircraft approaching Tromso in the Arctic Circle in Northern Norway

Drilling a hole in the ice while fishing on frozen lake in the Arctic Circle on Ringvassoya Island in the region of Tromso, Northern Norway

Road to nowhere snow scene in The Cotswolds, UK

Frosty scene field and trees during hoar frost in winter, The Cotswolds, UK

Winter scene hoar frost on teasel seed head in The Cotswolds, UK

Winter scene hoar frost on fir tree in The Cotswolds, UK

Snow scene in The Cotswolds, UK

Reindeer roaming in the snow in arctic landscape at Kvaløysletta, Kvaloya Island, Tromso in Arctic Circle Northern Norway

Winter scene hoar frost on giant hogweed, The Cotswolds, UK

Frozen Kilpisjarvi lake with Sweden in the background in arctic wilderness at nightfall by Kilpisjarvi, Finland

Land Rover in country lane in frosty wintry landscape in The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire, UK

Reindeer grazing in the snow in arctic landscape at Kvaløysletta, Kvaloya Island, Tromso in Arctic Circle Northern Norway

Small car drives slowly on icy road in The Cotswolds, Swinbrook, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

Couple ice- fishing on frozen lake in the Arctic Circle on Ringvassoya Island in the region of Tromso, Northern Norway

Hoar frost on trees and fields in frosty wintry landscape in The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire, UK

Hoar frost on trees and fields in frosty wintry landscape in The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire, UK

Couple on a winter's day walk the dog across snow-covered Hampstead Heath, North London, United Kingdom

Heavy frost on trees in a field in Swinbrook, Oxfordshire in the Cotswolds area of rural England, United Kingdom

Man walks with umbrella across snow-covered Hampstead Heath, North London, United Kingdom

Land Rover driving along frosty track in wintry landscape in The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire, UK

Winter scene hoar frost on giant hogweed, The Cotswolds, UK

Winter scene hoar frost on sloe berries in The Cotswolds, UK

Walker in country lane in frosty wintry landscape in The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire, UK

Winter snow scene in The Cotswolds, UK

Walker strolls with umbrella across snow-covered Hampstead Heath, London, United Kingdom

People walk across snow-covered Hampstead Heath, London, United Kingdom

Winter snow scene in The Cotswolds, UK

Reindeer herd in the snow in arctic landscape at Kval?ysletta, Kvaloya Island, Tromso in Arctic Circle Northern Norway

Snow covered trees on Hampstead Heath, London, United Kingdom

Hoar frost on tree and field in frosty wintry landscape in The Cotswolds, Oxfordshire, UK

Hoar frost on winter's day in woodland in The Cotswolds, Gloucestershire

Snow-capped mountains and steep cliffs of Icy Arm, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, North America

Glacier detail in Icy Arm, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, North America

Winter scene hoar frost ice crystals on Portugese laurel bush in The Cotswolds, UK

Couple walk hand in hand across snow-covered Hampstead Heath, North London, United Kingdom

Hoar frost on winter's day in woodland in The Cotswolds, Gloucestershire

The Wang ski run, Gotschnagrat near Klosters in Switzerland

Woman walks dog on winter's day across snow-covered Hampstead Heath, North London, England, United Kingdom

Winter scene hoar frost on fir tree in The Cotswolds, UK

Glacier detail in Icy Arm, Baffin Island, Nunavut, Canada, North America

Hoar frost on winter's day in woodland in The Cotswolds, Gloucestershire

Traditional telephone box in the village of Swinbrook, The Cotwolds

Couple looking at the London skyline at the Observation Point near Kenwood on Hampstead Heath, London

Traditional cottage during snowy weather in the village of Swinbrook, The Cotwolds

Man exercises in snow-covered Hampstead Heath, North London, England, United Kingdom

Winter landscape with hoarfrost, steeming river, brilliant sunshine and blue sky, utah, usa

View through an icy pressure ridge of emperor penguin colony on Weddell Sea, Dawson Lambton Glacier, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Winter landscape with hoarfrost, steeming river, brilliant sunshine and blue sky, utah, usa

Barb wire fence in winter landscape with hoarfrost, steeming river, brilliant sunshine and blue sky, utah, usa

Barb wire fence in winter landscape with hoarfrost, steeming river, brilliant sunshine and blue sky, utah, usa

Matterhorn reflecting in mountain lake, Wallis, Schweiz

A frozen Stickle Ghyll above the Langdale Valley in the Lake District, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Matterhorn reflecting in mountain lake, Wallis, Schweiz

Matterhorn reflecting in mountain lake, Wallis, Schweiz

Matterhorn reflecting in mountain lake, Wallis, Schweiz

Winter landscape with hoarfrost, steaming river, brilliant sunshine and blue sky, utah, usa

Matterhorn reflecting in mountain lake, Wallis, Schweiz

A pod of at least 8 Orcas (Orcinus orca) encountered off George Island near Inian Pass and followed until Lemesieur Island in Icy Strait, Southeast Alaska

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick head detail at colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. There are an estimated 2 million breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic peninsula region alone, perhaps as many as 7.5 million breeding pairs in all of Antarctica. Their name derives from the narrow black band under their heads which makes it appear as if they are wearing black helmets, making them one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other names for them are "Ringed Penguins", "Bearded Penguins", and "Stonecracker Penguins" due to their harsh call. They grow to 68 cm (27 in). The average adult weight of a Chinstrap Penguin is 4.5 kg (10 lbs). Weight can range from 3 to 6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs), with males being slightly larger and weight varying based on where the penguin is in the breeding cycle. Their diet consists of krill, shrimp, and fish. On land they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts of five to ten days. They can also breed on icebergs, though they prefer non-icy conditions. The chicks hatch after about 35 days, and have fluffy gray backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20?30 days before they go to join a creche. At around 50?60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult plumage and go to sea. The Chinstrap Penguin was first described by German naturalist Forster in 1781. Its specific epithet was often seen as antarctica, however a 2002 review determined the genus Pygoscelis was masculine, and hence the correct binomial name is Pygoscelis antarcticus.

An adult humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) head-lunging off Point Adolphus in Icy Strait in Southeast Alaska, USA. Pacific Ocean

An adult humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) breaching off Point Adolphus in Icy Strait in Southeast Alaska, USA. Pacific Ocean

Grasmere lake in the Lake District National Park, iced over during a cold snap in December 2010, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Iceberg calved from Dawes or Sawyer Glaciers grounded on the terminal morraine in southeast Alaska, USA.

Wansfell on the side of Kirkstone Pass with snow and spindrift being blown across the hill side, Lake District, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Lamplugh Glacier showing meltwater cave, Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska, USA.

Lamplugh Glacier showing meltwater cave, Glacier Bay National Park, southeast Alaska, USA.

Red Screes and the Kirkstone Pass road blocked by snow in the Lake District, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Icebergs and bergy bits that have calved off the Sawyer tidewater Glacier in Tracy Arm, Southeast Alaska, USA.

Icebergs and bergy bits that have calved off the Sawyer tidewater Glacier in Tracy Arm, Southeast Alaska, USA.

South Sawyer Glacier with icebergs/bergy bits calved off in Tracy Arm, Southeasat Alaska, USA. Pacific Ocean.

A pod of at least 8 Orcas (Orcinus orca) encountered off George Island near Inian Pass and followed until Lemesieur Island in Icy Strait, Southeast Alaska

Sunset over the snow-capped mountains of the Fairweather Range across Icy Strait in Southeast Alaska, USA, Pacific Ocean.

Iceberg/bergy bits calved off Sawyer Glacier in Tracy Arm, Southeasat Alaska, USA. Pacific Ocean.

Icebergs and bergy bits that have calved off the Sawyer tidewater Glacier in Tracy Arm, Southeast Alaska, USA.

A pod of at least 8 Orcas (Orcinus orca) encountered off George Island near Inian Pass and followed until Lemesieur Island in Icy Strait, Southeast Alaska

St. Sunday Crag in winter in the Lake District National Park, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Loughrigg in winter weather, Lake District, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

The Lindblad Expedition ship MS Endeavour in Paradise Bay on the Antarctic Peninsula.

Port Lockroy, an old British Station, Now a museum, Wienke Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Hoar frost on trees on the Beacon near Loughborough, Leicestershire, England, United Kingdom, Europe

The Northern Cliffs of Ben Nevis plastered in snow Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe

Reflections and snow covered mountains in Lemaire Channel in Antarctica.

Reflections and snow covered mountains in Lemaire Channel in Antarctica.

LeMaire Channel on the Antarctic Peninsula.

Sawyer Glacier with icebergs/bergy bits calved off in Tracy Arm, Southeasat Alaska, USA. Pacific Ocean.

A snow plough trying to keep Kirkstone Pass open in the snow, Lake District, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Rydal Water in the Lake District completely frozen over during December 2010, Cumbria, England, United Kingdom, Europe

Adult Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) fluke-up dive in Icy Strait, Southeast Alaska, USA.

A climber on the Aonach Eagach ridge in Scotland, United Kingdom, Europe