Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) adult with chicks on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) with minutes-old newly hatched chick at Gold Harbor on South Georgia

Adult southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome), head detail, in Franklin Bay, Isla Estado, Argentina, South America

Southern Rockhopper penguin rookery (Eudyptes chrysocome), New Island, Falkland Islands, British Overseas Territory, South America

Adult southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome), head detail on Saunders Island, Falklands, South America

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leoninar), resting on the beach with penguins, at Gold Harbor, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) pair, at Brown Bluff, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Young southern elephant seals (Mirounga leoninar), on the beach in St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Young southern elephant seals (Mirounga leoninar), sleeping near a river, St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, Polar Regions

Southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina), on the beach at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, South Atlantic, Polar Regions

Adult gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), returning and coming from the sea at Booth Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Aerial of Cape Horn, southern most point in South America, Hornos island, Tierra del Fuego, Chile, South America

Adult southern rockhopper penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) on New Island, Falkland Islands, South America

Male Southern Elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) with female on snow, King penguins behind, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia Island, Antarctic, Polar Regions

Young Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) bulls mock fighting at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, South Atlantic, Polar Regions

Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at breeding colony at Brown Bluff, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Young Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), bulls mock fighting at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, South Atlantic, Polar Regions

Southern Elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on snow, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia Island, Antarctic, Polar Regions

Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) at breeding colony at Brown Bluff, Antarctica, Southern Ocean, Polar Regions

Growling male Southern Elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), Salisbury Plains, South Georgia Island, Antarctic, Polar Regions

Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), weaner pups at sunrise, Gold Harbour, South Georgia, UK Overseas Protectorate, Polar Regions

Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) feeding on Krill in Wilhelmena Bay, Antarctic Peninsular and surfacing wth a metre of a zodiak. The whales migrate here in the summer to feed on the Krill. Krill numbers have declined by over 50%. They feed on algae that grows on the underside of sea ice, As the sea ice melts, both algae and krill decline. This shot has penguins resting on an iceberg in the background.

Guano in an Adelie Penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, colony at Madder Cliffs, Suspiros Bay, at the west end of Joinville Island, Antarctica. Adelie's are a true Antarctic species which are suffering as a result of climate change, The Antarctic Peninsular, their only breeding grounds, is one of the fastest warming areas on the planet. This is causing Adelies to migrate south. They are reducing in numbers, they feed almost exclusively on Krill, which is also declining as a result of climate change.

Jackass penguin (spheniscus demersus) portrait, native of southern africa (captive bristol zoo).

Southern elephant seal. Mirounga leonina. Gentoo penguin (pygoscelis papua papua) pecks seal. South shetlands

Large bull Southern Elephant Seal; Mirounga leonina, fighting at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Antarctica, in a King Penguin colony.

A Chinstrap Penguin, Pygoscelis antarctica, at Hannah Point on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctic. Behind the penguin is lots of greenery, plants that are expanding as the Antarctic Peninsular warms as a result of climate change,

Adelie Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae at Madder Cliffs, Suspiros Bay, with tourists from an expedition cruise, at the west end of Joinville Island, Antarctica.

Gentoo Penguins at the Argentine antarctic research station in stunning coastal scenery beneath Mount Walker in Paradise Bay off Graham Land on the Antarctic Peninsular. the Peninsular is one of the most rapidly warming places on the planet.

King Penguins in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo Penguins amongst stunning coastal scenery in Paradise Bay off Graham Land on the antarctic Peninsular. the Peninsular is one of the most rapidly warming places on the planet.

King Penguins on Prion Island, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

A Gentoo Penguin on Prion Island, South Georgia.

King Penguins in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

A King Penguin sleeping in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

King Penguins head out to sea on a fishing trip past ice at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

King Penguins at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

King Penguins in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus gazella) killing and then eating a king penguin on the island of South Georgia, southern Atlantic Ocean

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with introduced reindeer at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) at breeding and molting colony on New Island in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean

King Penguin colony (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on South Georgia Island, southern Atlantic Ocean.

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands

Curious king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) pup (often called "weaners" once their mothers stop nursing them) on South Georgia Island in the Southern Ocean

Macaroni Penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) in Elsehul Bay on South Georgia Island in the Southern Ocean

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands

Adult macaroni penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) in Elsehul Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus gazella) during snow storm at Brown Bluff on the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Adult macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) porpoising for speed while traveling to their breeding colony on South Georgia, Southern Ocean

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands. This is the smallest yellow-crested, black-and-white penguin in the genus Eudyptes. It reaches a length of 45-58 cm (18-23 in) and typically weighs 2-3.4 kg (4.4-7.5 lb), although there are records of exceptionally large rockhoppers weighing 5 kg (11 lbs). Their common name refers to the fact that unlike many other penguins which negotiate obstacles by sliding on their bellies or by awkward climbing using their flipper-like wings as aid, Rockhoppers will try to jump over boulders and across cracks. This behavior is by no means unique to this species however - at least the other "crested" penguins of the genus Eudyptes hop around rocks too. Southern Rockhopper Penguins have a global population of roughly 1 million pairs, perhaps a bit more. About two-thirds of the global population belongs to E. c. chrysocome which breeds on the Falkland Islands and on islands off Argentina and southern Chile. The Southern Rockhopper Penguin is classified as Vulnerable species by the IUCN.

Young southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) on the beach at South Georgia in the Southern Ocean

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands

An adult Brown Skua (Catharacta antarctica) with a stolen penguin egg on South Georgia Island in the Southern Ocean

King penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at sunrise on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Point Wild on Elephant Island, heavy storm clouds and ice choked waters, Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Southern Ocean, Antarctica

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Male Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonine) with king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus). South Georgia Island, Antartica, Southern ocean.

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) mating (male on top), Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Adult Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) with chicks. Hannah point, Antartica, Southern Ocean.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) on rock with green algae, Hannah Point, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonine) with king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in background, South Georgia Island, Antartica, Southern ocean.

Antarctic fur seal ( Arctocephalus gazella) with king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in background, South Georgia Island, Antartica, Southern ocean.

Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) head bent over, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Two yellow eyed penguins (Hoiho), (Megadyptes antipodes), Enderby Island, Auckland Islands, Sub-antarctic Islands, New Zealand, Southern Ocean.

Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Nesting amoungst tussock and snow, South Georgia Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) craning neck, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonine) with king penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) in background, South Georgia Island, Antartica, Southern ocean.

Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on land, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) on ice berg, Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea, Antarctic, Southern Ocean

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick, Hannah Point, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) on land, side view of penguin, Ross Sea, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Nesting amoungst tussock, South Georgia Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) mating behavior at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Adult Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) in the Falkland Islands

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chick, fat after being fed, Paulet Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult female leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) stalking, then killing and eating an adult gentoo penguin in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Southern Ocean

Adult leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) Catching, flailing, and eating a chinstrap penguin at Point Wild on Elephant Island, South Shetland Islands, Southern Ocean

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) chicks covered with mud and guano on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean