Long-tailed gentoo penguin colony (Pygoscelis papua), Saunders Island, Falklands, South America

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) colony, Prion Island, South Georgia, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) colony, Prion Island, South Georgia, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Chinstrap penguin colony (Pygoscelis antarcticus), craggy rock with lichen, Half Moon Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua), at breeding colony on Barrientos Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

An Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), colony on Paulet Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin chick (Pygoscelis papua) molting at the breeding colony on Cuverville Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), at their breeding colony at Brown Bluff, Antarctica, Polar Regions

African penguins (Spheniscus demersus) on Foxy Beach, Table Mountain National Park, Simon's Town, Cape Town, South Africa, Africa

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) colony, Prion Island, South Georgia, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) colony, Prion Island, South Georgia, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Giant king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) colony, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae), on a rock at a breeding colony on Joinville Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) at breeding colony at St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, UK Overseas Protectorate, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding colony at St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, UK Overseas Protectorate, Polar Regions

King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) coming in and out the ocean, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia Island, Antarctic, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), breeding colony in Gold Harbour, South Georgia, South Atlantic, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) breeding and nesting colony at Neko Harbour, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gonzalez Videla Base, a Chilean Research Station in Paradise Bay, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), breeding colony on Paulet Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

A Gentoo penguin colony (Pygoscelis papua) near Groussac Argentinian hut, Petermann Island, Antarctica, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding colony at Gold Harbor, South Georgia, Polar Regions

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonica) walking through the colony, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Polar Regions

King Penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus) crossing a stream, Right Whale Bay, South Georgia Island, Antarctic, Polar Regions

Colony of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and chicks, Snow Hill Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguins, Pygoscelis papua, on the beach at Sea Lion Island in The Falkland Isles

Penguin colony, English Research Station, Port Lockroy, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Tourists photographing king penguin chicks at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia Island, Antarctica

Colony of emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), Snow Hill Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Colony of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri), Snow Hill Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Colony of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and chicks, Snow Hill Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Tourists photographing king penguin chicks at Salisbury Plain, South Georgia Island, Antarctica

Tourists make a shore landing by a Gentoo penguin colony on Cuverville Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Colony of Emperor penguins (Aptenodytes forsteri) and chicks, Snow Hill Island, Weddell Sea, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Penguin colony, Aitcho Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Giant king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) colony and a cruise ship, Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Leopard seals (Hydrurga leptonyx) resting on iceberg near penguin colony, Pleneau Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Guano in an Adelie Penguin, Pygoscelis adeliae, colony at Madder Cliffs, Suspiros Bay, at the west end of Joinville Island, Antarctica. Adelie's are a true Antarctic species which are suffering as a result of climate change, The Antarctic Peninsular, their only breeding grounds, is one of the fastest warming areas on the planet. This is causing Adelies to migrate south. They are reducing in numbers, they feed almost exclusively on Krill, which is also declining as a result of climate change.

A Snowy Sheathbill, Chionis albus, in a King Penguin colony at Gold Harbour, South Georgia.

A Black Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) sitting on a nest in a mixed nesting colony of albatross's and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) on Westpoint island in the Falkland Islands off argentina, in South America. Albatrosses are globally thratened by long line fishing boats who are responsible for killing thousands of birds.

Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) washing in a stream on Westpoint island in the Falkland Islands off argentina, in South America. Numbers off rocxkhoppers have declined substantially, partly due to competition with commercial fishing and partly due to climate change, which causes their prey food to migrate to cooler waters.

Adelie Penguins, Pygoscelis adeliae at Madder Cliffs, Suspiros Bay, with tourists from an expedition cruise, at the west end of Joinville Island, Antarctica.

Large bull Southern Elephant Seal; Mirounga leonina, fighting at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Antarctica, in a King Penguin colony.

A mixed Black Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris) and Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) nesting colony on Westpoint island in the Falkland Islands off Argentina, in South America, being watched by a group on a wildlife tourist trip.

King Penguins in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) with colony and mountains in background, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Gentoo penguin adult and chicks (Pygoscelis papua) in colony, Hannah Point, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Polar Regions

King Penguins on Prion Island, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Leopard Seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) resting on iceberg near penguin colony, Pleneau Island, Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica, Polar Regions

Rockhopper penguin (eudyptes chrysocome) bleaker island, falkland islands, view over colony.

King Penguins in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

View through an icy pressure ridge of emperor penguin colony on Weddell Sea, Dawson Lambton Glacier, Antarctica, Polar Regions

A King Penguin sleeping in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Chinstrap penguin. Pygoscelis antarctica. In rocky colony. Antarctica

King Penguins head out to sea on a fishing trip past ice at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

King Penguins at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, with passengers from an expedition cruise.

King Penguins at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

King Penguins in the world's second largest King Penguin colony on Salisbury Plain, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Penguins on Boulders Beach near Cape Town, South Africa, Africa

King penguin. Aptenodytes patagonica. On shore-line, salisbury plain. South georgia, antarctica

Gentoo penguins (pygoscelis papua) new island, falkland islands, walking back to the colony after fishing at sea.

King Penguins at Gold Harbour, South Georgia, with passengers from an expedition cruise.

Colony of king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, South America

Tourist looking at colony of king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), St. Andrews Bay, South Georgia, South America

Penguins on Boulders Beach near Cape Town, South Africa, Africa

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colony at Baily Head on Deception Island, South Shetland Island Group, Antarctica

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) with introduced reindeer at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Adult southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) at breeding and molting colony on New Island in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colony near Point Wild on Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands

King Penguin colony (Aptenodytes patagonicus) on South Georgia Island, southern Atlantic Ocean.

Curious king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colony near Point Wild on Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colony at Salisbury Plains in the Bay of Isles, South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colony all braying together on Barrentos Island in the Aitcho Island Group in the South Shetland Islands near the Antarctic Peninsula

A lone adult Macaroni Penguin (Eudyptes chrysolophus) among a chinstrap penguin colony at Point Wild on Elephant Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Adult macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) porpoising for speed while traveling to their breeding colony on South Georgia, Southern Ocean

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) chick head detail at colony on Useful Island near the Antarctic Peninsula. There are an estimated 2 million breeding pairs of chinstrap penguins in the Antarctic peninsula region alone, perhaps as many as 7.5 million breeding pairs in all of Antarctica. Their name derives from the narrow black band under their heads which makes it appear as if they are wearing black helmets, making them one of the most easily identified types of penguin. Other names for them are "Ringed Penguins", "Bearded Penguins", and "Stonecracker Penguins" due to their harsh call. They grow to 68 cm (27 in). The average adult weight of a Chinstrap Penguin is 4.5 kg (10 lbs). Weight can range from 3 to 6 kg (6.6-13.2 lbs), with males being slightly larger and weight varying based on where the penguin is in the breeding cycle. Their diet consists of krill, shrimp, and fish. On land they build circular nests from stones, and lay two eggs, which are incubated by both the male and the female for shifts of five to ten days. They can also breed on icebergs, though they prefer non-icy conditions. The chicks hatch after about 35 days, and have fluffy gray backs and white fronts. The chicks stay in the nest for 20?30 days before they go to join a creche. At around 50?60 days old, they moult, gaining their adult plumage and go to sea. The Chinstrap Penguin was first described by German naturalist Forster in 1781. Its specific epithet was often seen as antarctica, however a 2002 review determined the genus Pygoscelis was masculine, and hence the correct binomial name is Pygoscelis antarcticus.

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) Nesting amoungst tussock, South Georgia Island, Antarctica, Southern Ocean.

Two Adélie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) chicks enjoying childhood guarded by one of their parents. Petermann Island, Antarctica

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colony on the Antarctic Peninsula

King Penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) breeding and nesting colonies on South Georgia Island, Southern Ocean.

A lone adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) among nesting colonies of gentoo and chinstrap penguins on Barrentos Island, Aitcho Island Group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

King penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) mating behavior at breeding and nesting colony at St. Andrews Bay on South Georgia, Southern Ocean.

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Adult Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) stealing a rock from a neighbors nest on breeding colony on Petermann Island, Antarctica

Adelie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) near the Antarctic Peninsula, Antarctica.

Antarctic Fur Seal (Arctocephalus gazella) on the island of South Georgia, Southern Atlantic Ocean

A lone adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) among nesting colonies of gentoo and chinstrap penguins on Barrentos Island, Aitcho Island Group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Chinstrap penguin (Pygoscelis antarctica) colony on the Antarctic Peninsula

Huge colony of Adélie Penguin chicks (Pygoscelis adeliae) waiting for their parents to return and feed them. Paulet Island, Weddell Sea

A lone adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus) among nesting colonies of gentoo and chinstrap penguins on Barrentos Island, Aitcho Island Group, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Adult southern rockhopper penguin (Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome) at breeding and molting colony on New Island in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic Ocean

A rare sighting of a lone adult king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), Barrentos Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Southern Ocean